Bio-based materials refer to a new type of material manufactured through biological, chemical, physical and other means using renewable biomass or raw materials obtained through biological manufacturing. According to the physical form of application, bio-based materials can be divided into bio-based chemicals, polymers, plastics, bio-based chemical fibers, bio-based rubber, bio-based coatings, etc. Compared with petroleum-based materials, bio-based materials reduce carbon dioxide emissions and dependence on petroleum. At the same time, their production process is greener and is in line with people's pursuit of environmental protection.
In the textile printing and dyeing industry, green development has become the general trend. Bio-based textile chemicals can just meet the current needs and become the focus of people's attention. Bio-based textile chemicals mainly include four categories: bio-based colorants, bio-based surfactants, bio-based finishing agents, and enzyme additives for textile printing and dyeing.
1. Bio-based colorants
Bio-based colorants mainly include various natural dyes and pigments, such as plant-derived natural dyes such as gardenia yellow, turmeric, and tomato red; animal-derived pigments such as cochineal red and bay violet; and various microbial pigments such as monascus pigments. At present, Beta-carotene and astaxanthin have also achieved large-scale production.
In terms of cutting-edge research, some scholars used metabolic engineering methods to construct microbial pigment strains and regulate metabolic pathways. They changed the metabolic pathways by introducing microbial pigment synthase genes into E. coli and obtained seven-color pigments.
2. Biobased surfactants
Bio-based surfactants have diverse structures, properties, and good environmental compatibility. Common bio-based surfactants include glycolipids, natural glycosides, synthetic alkyl glycosides, protein-based surfactants, and amino acid-based surfactants. wait. However, in practical applications in the industry, there are still bottlenecks such as high prices and difficulties in large-scale production.
3. Bio-based finishing agents
The types and functions of bio-based finishing agents are also diverse, including bio-based fluorine-free waterproof finishing agents, chitosan antibacterial finishing agents, phytic acid flame retardants, etc. Among them, as the market demand for waterproof functional fabrics increases, and relevant policies and regulations control fluorine-containing chemicals more and more strictly, bio-based fluorine-free waterproof finishing agents have become a hot spot in the industry.
4. Enzyme auxiliaries for textile printing and dyeing
Since the enzyme itself is easily biodegradable and does not require the addition of a large number of chemicals, it can greatly reduce the burden of sewage treatment. Therefore, enzyme auxiliaries for textile printing and dyeing are also a type of environmentally friendly bio-based auxiliaries. Enzyme auxiliaries for textile printing and dyeing are increasingly used in printing and dyeing processes, and with the advancement of technology, new enzyme preparations are constantly being introduced, which have higher efficiency, wider applicability and less environmental pollution.
